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202423 · Introduction Since the Bayer process was patented in 1888 by Australian chemist Karl Bayer, this technology has been the major industrial process for the producing of alumina from bauxite ores [ 1, 2 ]. Even after 135 years, this process remains unchanged for four major key sections: digestion of alumina-rich minerals (gibbsite, boehmite, and …
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Bauxite (Fig. 1.33) is formed by surface weathering of clay rocks around the tropical region and composer of aluminum oxide (Al (OH) 3 ). It contains 15%–25% aluminum and only ore used for commercial extraction for aluminum. The bauxite occurs as near-surface layers and usually mixed with clay minerals, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide.
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2018712 · The Abruzzi bauxite district includes the deposits located on the Campo Felice plateau and those of the Monti d’Ocre, which had been mined in the first part of the 20th century. Bauxite is of the karst type, with textures ranging between oolitic and oolitic-conglomeratic, the latter suggesting a partial reworking of evolved lateritic soils. The high …
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The results show that when the mass concentration of carbonate in sodium aluminate solution is 25g·L -1 ， the optimum digestion conditions of alumina and removal conditions of carbonate were lime addition of 11% and reaction temperature of 270℃， and the corresponding digestion rate of alumina and removal rate of carbonate were 72.47% and ...
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201841 · This paper proposes a novel approach to sulfur removal by adding aluminum in the bayer process of high-sulfur bauxite. The effects of aluminum dosage on the concentrations of different valence sulfur in sodium aluminate solution were investigated at length to find that high-valence sulfur (S 2 O 32−, SO 32−, SO 42−) concentration in ...
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2022420 · Bauxite is the ideal raw material for the manufacturing of alumina. Aside from the primary constituents of aluminum and silicon, bauxite is frequently coupled with many valuable elements such as gallium (Ga), titanium (Ti), scandium (Sc), and lithium (Li). The bauxite residue and circulating spent liquor in alumina production typically include …
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2021224 · Introduction Bauxite residue (BR) is a caustic red-colored by-product of the Bayer process for alumina (Al 2 O 3) extraction from bauxite ore, generated in a proportion ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 (alumina: BR). BR may have distinguished particle’s size distribution varying from sand (+100 μm) to fine particles (−150 μm) depending on the bauxite origins. …
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2023719 · The Bayer process is used worldwide for the alumina production. This process involves the alkaline leaching of bauxite to extrac t Al, followed by the precipitation of A l (OH) to recycle the
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Bauxite residue (Red mud) is produced in alumina plants by the Bayer process in which Al-containing minerals are dissolved in hot NaOH. The global residue inventory reached an estimated 3.5 billion tons in 2014, increasing by approximately 120 million tons per annum. The appropriate management of bauxite residue is becoming a global environmental …
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202115 · The calcification-carbonization process is attracting atten-tion as a new, feasible method for clean production of alumina and treatment of red mud. The carbonization stage within the overall process was investigated, and the effects of CO2 concentration and pressure on the recovery of sodium oxide and alumina from red mud were studied in detail.
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