mining methods britannica

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  Iron processing | Definition, History, Steps, Uses, & Facts

  iron processing, use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of iron and of its preparation for smelting. Iron (Fe) is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive magnetic properties.

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  Coal mining - Extraction, Processing, Pollution | Britannica

  202471 · Coal mining - Extraction, Processing, Pollution: In geologic terms, coal is a sedimentary rock containing a mixture of constituents, mostly of vegetal origin. Vegetal matter is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and some inorganic mineral elements. When this material decays under water, in the absence of …

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  Sluicing | mining | Britannica

  sluicing. placer mining, ancient method of using water to excavate, transport, concentrate, and recover heavy minerals from alluvial or placer deposits.

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  Tunnels and underground excavations - Tunneling techniques | Britannica

  Tunnels and underground excavations - Tunneling techniques: Tunnels are generally grouped in four broad categories, depending on the material through which they pass: soft ground, consisting of soil and very weak rock; hard rock; soft rock, such as shale, chalk, and friable sandstone; and subaqueous. While these four broad types of ground condition …

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  Daniel Cowan Jackling | Copper Mining Pioneer, …

  methods of quarrying In quarry The products of dimension stone quarries are prismatic blocks of rock such as marble, granite, limestone, sandstone, and slate. After cutting and polishing, these materials are used in the primary construction of buildings and monuments and also for decorative Read More In mining: Quarrying …and monuments is known as …

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  Hydraulic mining | Environmental Impact, Debris Removal ... - Britannica

  Hydraulic mining, use of a powerful jet of water to dislodge minerals present in unconsolidated material, including mine tailings, placer deposits, alluvium, laterites (soil rich in iron oxides), and saprolites (soil rich in clay). It has also been applied to consolidated materials from sandstones

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  Prospecting | Definition, Equipment, Sources, & …

  Other articles where separation is discussed: coal mining: Separation: In the separation step, the liberated particles are classified into the appropriate groups of coal, impurities, and middlings. Since impurities are generally heavier than middlings and middlings heavier than coal, the methods most commonly used to separate the input stream into the three …

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  William Andrew Hustrulid | Britannica

  Professor of Mining, Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Editor, Underground Mining Methods Handbook.

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